Governor for motors



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet I.

J. DOW.

` (No Model.) 5 sneets-sheen 2.

J. DOW. l GOVERNOR POR MOTORS.

No. 526,301. Patented Sept. 18, 1894.

(No Modem 5 sheets-sheem 3. J. DOW.

GOVERNOR PoR MoToRs. Y No. 526,801. y Patented Sept. 18, 1894.l

(No Medel.) e whew-sheen 4.

' J. DOW.

GOVERNOR FOR MOTORS. Ne. 526,301. A l .V Petented Sept. 18,1894.

E nonms PETERs co.. PHOTO-LlTn-o wAsHmoTou. o, n:y

(No Model.) 5 Sheets- Sheet 5.

J. DOW.

GOVERNOR POR MOTORS. I

`1\I0.52@,s01.' Patentedsept.18,1894.

UNITED STATES PATENT t OFFICE.

JOSIAII DOW', OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

GOVERNOR FOR MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 526,301, datedSeptember 18, 1894.

Application filed April 28, l 894.

To all whom may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSIAH DOW, a citizen of the United States, residingat Germantown,

in the city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Governors for Motors, of whichthe following is a specifica-1 tion.

This invention relates to governors `for to me January 12, 1886.

more particularly described `and claimed.

pot compensation. taken at a right angle to the preceding figure. Fig. 3is a top view. Fig. 4 is `a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 isa vertical:

section illustrating a modification in the compensation'mechanismof thegovernor.

ceding figure. on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5.

support a horizontally arranged and centrally perforated main plate 4 onwhich is bolted the ring-shaped base 5 of an upper frame that In thisbearing IO is journaled the upper end of the vertically arranged maingovernor shaft 11 the lower end of which is stepped in a bearing 12 `onthe base plate lof the supporting bracket or pedestal.

At a. suitable or convenient point on the shaft 11, preferably near itslower end, may

Fig. 6 is a view of the same construction inverti-` cal section taken ata right angle to the pre-l Fig. 7 is a horizontal section I Serial No.509,337. `(No model.)

be keyed a pinion 13 meshing with a gear 14 on one end of a shaft 15that may be con- A nected with the `main shaft of an engine by positivegearing, not shown. Although it is preferable that the driving of thegovernor be thus effected through positive gearing, `that it may havethe fullest possible sensi- 1 tiveness to every variation in speed ofthe engine, it will be obvious that its motion may be derived throughordinary belting, if desired. i

On an enlarged or swelled portion 16, Figs. 1 and 2, of the governorshaft 11 is splined a hub 17 that is so fitted as to be capable of slidring easily up or down on the shaft while ro- The invention consists inthe features of construction and novel combinations of de-l vices in agovernor for motors, as hereinafter tating therewith. This hub 17 isprovided at opposite points with two upward and outward projecting-.arms1S on which are mounted the y 5 axes of planet gears 19 that mesh withthe In the annexed drawings illustrating thej invention-Figure l is avertical section of' myimproved governor provided with weight- Fig. 2 isa similar section teeth of the stationary internal gear ring 7 formingpart of the upper portion of the governor frame. Integral with orsecurely fastened to the underside of each planetgear 19 is a pinion orsmall gear 20, about half the size of its accompanying planet gear. Thesmaller gears or pinions 20 mesh with a spur gear 21 having on its underside an elongated hub 22 that is loosely mounted on the gov- ,ernorshaft, above and in contact with the hub 17 on which the planet gears 19are carried. The loose hub 22 carries on or near its lower end a mitergear 23 meshing with `two miter Referring to the drawings, the numeralAl` designates the base plate of a pedestal or'I bracket 2 comprising,also, the' arms 3 that` gears 24 loosely mounted on arms 25projectingradially from the hub 17 and in opposite directions, as shownin Figs. 2 and 6. Each of the miter gears 24 is provided with anOutwardly prolonged hub 26; and on the outer end of each arm 25 issecured a collar 27 so arranged as to prevent endwise movement of thesaid hubs 26 and thus hold the miter gears 23 and 24 in engagement. x

It will be observed that by providing the planet gears 19 with thepinions 20, which are of smaller pitch diameter than said planet gears,the spur-gear 21 may be conveniently meshed with said pinions and bearranged out of direct line of gearing with the stationary internallytoothed gear ring 7` and in such manner as to lap the planet gears. Bythis arrangement of gearing the pinions 2O permit a proper proportioningof the pitch diameters of the several gears to provide the proper rateIOO of movement throughout the planetary1 train, for giving the governorthe requisite sensitiveness and accuracy.

To the elongated hubs 26 of the miter gears 24 are splined frictiongears 28 that revolve with said miter gears and are at the same timecapable of automatic adjustment outward upon the hubs 26 undercentrifugal force, or inward under` the action of springs arrangedeither within or on the outside of the arms 25, as presently explained.The outward adjustment of the friction gears 28 is limited by means ofcylindrical caps 29 placed on the arms 25 in such position as to be inbearing contact with the hubs of said friction gears andmovelongitudinallytherewith. Thesecaps 29 are furnished on opposite sides with longitudinal slots 30 in which are engaged stop pins 31 fastenedin the arms 25 on which the gears and caps are supported. Thecylindrical caps are adapted to move freely outward andinward but areprevented from turning by the engagement of the pins 31 in/their slots.

As shown in Fig. 2, the arms 25 may be hollow or tubular and in thesetubular arms may be placed spiral springs 32 for returning the frictiongears 28 to their original position when `the centrifugal force thatcarried them outward has been expended or diminished. The inner ends ofthe springs 32 are attached to the hub 17 of the governor shaft 11 bymeans of pins 33 and their outer ends are connected to the heads ofbolts 34 that are passed from Within outward through the heads of thecylindrical caps 29 and secured therein by turned nuts 35 and jam nuts36 placed on the threaded outer ends of the bolts.

The arms 25 may be screw tapped into the 'hub 17, or be otherwisesecured thereto, and the pins 33 for securing the inner ends of thesprings 32 may be so arranged as to also assist in fastening said armsto the hub.

The friction gears 28 are in contact with a turn-table or disk 37mounted on the centrally perforated main plate 4 of the governor frame.This disk or turn-table is preferably supported on ball bearings 38 todiminish noise and friction. I also prefer to mill or roughen the upperface of the turn-table to increase the hold of the friction gears 28thereon. For a similar purpose and to insure noiseless running thefriction gears 28 may each have its periphery provided with an insertedring 39 of indurated fiber, hide or other friction material, or the saidring 39 may consist of a partially elastic band sprung into a groove inthe periphery of the gear.

It will be seen that by reason of splining the hub 17 onto the governorshaft 11 so as to have a free longitudinal movement thereon, as well asrotating therewith, the weight of said hub and super-incumbent gearingwill 'assist the friction gears 28 in maintaining a frictional bearingon the turn-table. This arrangement of the hub 17, through which itderives power from the governor shaft, also has the advantage of takingthe strain from the planetary train which has only to keep the frictiongears 28 running in the proper number of revolutions.

On its under side the turn table 37 is provided with a depending hub 40extended through the central perforation of the plate 4 and carrying apinion 4l that may revolve beneath and nearly in contact with a boss 42on the under side of said perforated plate. This pinion 41 is adapted tomesh with the teeth 43 of a reciprocatory rack bar 44 con.- nectingwithmechanism, not shown, through which a valve gear or cut off may becontrolled.

The rack 4-4 moves in'one direction or the other as actuated by theturn-table 37 revolving in one direction or the other under the actionof the superimposed friction gears. The teeth of the rack are extendedalong the same only so far that the full opening or closing of thecutoff may be reached just as the last tooth of the rack, in eitherdirection, is released from the pinion 41, when by means of a spring 45adapted to press against a pin 46 on the rack bar the said last tooth ofthe series is held against the pinion 41, in readiness for the reverseaction. Thus, the disk or turn-table 37 may continue to revolve afterthe steam is entirely shut off, or when the cutoff is open to itsfullest extent, without moving the rack bar until the reverse actionbecomes necessary, for which the rack is held ready to quickly respond.

The relative proportions of the several gears comprised in thedifferential mechanism of the governor should be such that the frictiongears 28 will each turn once on its own axis lwhile revolving once aboutthe main shaft 11 of the governor. It will thus be obvious that if thesefriction gears 28 normally have bearing upon the turn-table 37 at adistance from the axis of the shaft 11 equal to the radius of said gears28 the latter will merely have rollingcontact with the disk or table,and the line in which they thus travel may be denominated the neutralpoint of the turn-table, or normal position of said gears. Should,however, the speed of the governor become so great as to generatesufficient centrifugal force to move the friction gears 28 outward upontheir axes until said gears travel in a circle beyond the neutral ornormal line they will then impart at each rotation a movement to thedisk or turn-table 37 proportioned to the difference between thecircumference of said gears and the larger circle 0n which they nowtravel. It will thus be seen that if the speed of the engine increases,the friction gears 28 will be carried outwardly upon their bearings adistance beyond the neutral point or line proportioned to thecentrifugal force developed and will thereby cause a movement, orrevolution, of the turntable 37 in the proper direction to so actuatethe rack bar 44 that it will effect a gradual diminution or cutting offof the flow of steam or IOO tor;

IIO

other fluid. On the other hand if the speed is so far decreased as tofall below the average required, the centrifugal action of the governorwill be correspondingly diminished and will thus allow the springs 32 todraw the friction gears 28 inward, within the neutral point or line, soas to revolve the disk or turn-table 37 in the opposite direction, itsdegree of movement being equal to the difference between thecircumference of the friction gears and their smaller circle of coutacton the disk or table. By thus reversing the revolution of the turn-tablethe rack 44 geared therewith will be moved in such direction as to bringabout an increase in the supply of motive power for the engine.

In order to provide for-rotating the friction gears 28 at the properrate of speed to give `the governor the required delicacy and officiencyof action, the several gears of the planetary train should have certaindefinite proportions. The stationary internal gear 7 `has a pitchdiameter three times that of the planet gears 19 and twice that of thecentral gear 21; While the planet gears 19 have a pitch diameter twicethat of their pinions 2O and the central gear 21 has a pitch diameterthree times that of said pinions. By providing the under side of eachplanet gear 19 with a pinion 20 proportioned and arranged as describedthe central gear 21 will be brought out of direct line of gearing withthe stationary internally toothed gear ring 7, and will be made to lapthe planet gears. This arrangement of gearing will impart greatersteadiness and accuracy of movementto the governor. l

It is necessary that the friction gears 28 should have the same degreeof centrifugal movement and maintain exactly the same distances from thegovernor shaft, so as to make sure `that they will run upon `exactly thesame track around the table, otherwise there might be want of uniformityin their differentiation and one would thus drag against the other.Besides exerting an inward draft on the friction gears 28 when thecentrifugal force is expended or diminished, the springs 32 inclosed inthe hollow radial arms 25 are so arranged that they may have theirtension adjusted approximately alike to produce some degree ofuniformity in the inward and outward movement of the `friction gears ontheir axes. Through the nuts 35 and 36 the tension of these springs 32can be so adjusted as to adapt the friction gears to any variations inthe requirements for the governor.v

As an additional means for controlling the friction gears 28 and in suchmanner that they will have a positive compensating action and reactionon each other to secure perfect uniformity of longitudinal movement ontheir axes, the cylindrical longitudinally movable caps 29 may havepivoted to their opposite sides the curved links 47, Fig. 7, which`conneet with toggle levers 48 fulcrumed in the hub 17 of the governorshaft 11 and surrounding said shaft, as shown in Figs. 5,6 and 7.

Instead of employing springs 32 arranged within tubular arms 25 as shownin Fig. 2, the arms may be made solid as shown in Fig. 6 and outsidesprings 49, Figs. 5 and 7, may be mounted on the toggle compensatingmechanism. Theseoutsidesprings49havetheirends connected to or in bearingcontact with lugs 50 carried by projections from opposite toggle leversof each pair and are so arranged as to exert an inward draft on theconnected toggles, links, caps and friction gears when the centrifugalforce is expended or diminished. Although I have shown this arrangementof springs 49 in connection with the toggle compensating mechanism it isobvious that the outside springs may be omitted and the inclosed spiralsprings 32 be'employed together with the toggles. j

In place of the toggle compensation a weight pot 51, Figs. 1 and 2, maybe splined on then vertical governor shaft 11 so as to slide freelythereon. This weight pot is provided with an elongated hub or tubularstem 52 through which it is suspended by means of wires 53 connectingwith the interior of the cylindrical caps 29 on the tubular arms 25carried on the hub 17 of the governor shaft. In the swelled portion 16of the shaft 11 is an approximately central chamber 54 in which aremounted peripherally grooved sheaves 55 that serve as guides vfor thesaid wires 53 through which the weight pot is suspended. Verticalvopenings 56 and lateral openings 57 are provided in the swell 16 forpassage of said wires. At their lower ends the wires 53 are secured toclamps 58 held in the upper end of the weight pot hub 52 by means ofscrew bolts 59, while the upper or outer ends of saidwires may be passedthrough the screw bolts 34 in the heads of the cylindrical caps 29 andbe riveted or brazed to the outer ends of said bolts. The pot 51 may beWeighted to any required degree by means of lead placed therein. i

The pin orjourpal 60, on which the sheaves 55 are mounted, may besupported in the shaft 11 so as to take weight off the turn-table 37 orit may be extended into and held in the hub 17 and run free through theshaft and be independent thereof so as to increase the weight andfriction on the table. The wires 53 being drawn to equal tension, whenthe friction gears 28 are in identical positions, will maintain theiruniformityof movement through all degrees of expansion` or differencesof distance from the mainivertical axis of the governor, and will thuspro- IOO duce the same effect as, the compensating toggles hereinbeforedescribed.

With the weight pot compensation the depending sleeve or huby 40,carried by the turn-table 37, will be made of sufficient internaldiameter to permit the passage and free vertical motion of the elongatedhub 52 on the weight pot; while with the toggle compensation the tablesleeve or hub 40 is closed about the main shaft, although not actuallytouching it. In both arrangements the shaft 11 has free movementregardless of the movement of the disk or table.

The governor may be used with only the internally arranged springs 32 tohold against the expansion of the differential friction gears 28 andcaps 29, and without compensating appliances other than auniformadjustment for the tension of said springs. By employing, however, apositive compensation such as furnished by the toggle mechanism, witheither outside or inside springs, or the weight pot compensation withits suspending wires and inside springs, the governor will be greatlyimproved in efficiency and certainty of action.

What I claim as my invention isl. In agovernor for motors, thecombination of a rotary disk or table connected with mechanism forcontrollinga valve gear or cut-o, a rotary-shaft having a hub turningtherewith and provided with oppositely arranged radial arms carryingdifferential friction gears in contact with said disk or table andadapted to actuate it in opposite directions, miter gearing throughwhich said friction gears are revolved on their own axes, a central spurgear connected to one of the miter gears and sleeved therewith on saidrotary shaft, planetgears carried by the hub of the rotary shaft andprovided with pinions of smaller pitch diameter in mesh with the centralspur-gear sleeved on said shaft, and a stationary internal gear meshingwith the planet gears and located therewith out of direct line ofgearing with the said central spur-gear, whereby the planet gears willlap the central gear and provide for proportionate rates of movement inthe gears of the planetary train, substantially as described.

2. In a governor for motors, the combination of a rota'ry shaft havingahub turning therewith and provided with oppositely arranged radial arms,miter gears provided with elongated hubs that are sleeved on said arms,friction gears splined on the miter gear hubs and radially movablethereon, a rotary disk or table in bearing contact with said frictiongears and connected with mechanism for actuating or controlling a valvegearor cut-off, a miter geary and connected spur gear sleeved on therotary shaft said miter gear being in mesh with the miter gears mountedon the radial arms of the shaft hub, pinions carried on the hub of therotary shaft and meshing with said spur gear, planet gears connected tosaid pinions which are of smaller pitch diameter than the attachedplanet gears, astationary internal gear meshing with said planet gearsand locatedtherewith out of direct line of gearing with the spur gear onthe rotary shaft, cylindrical longitudinally movable caps mounted on theradial arms of the shaft hub in contact with the hubs of the radiallymovable friction gears, and positive compensating mechanism connectingsaid caps, substantially as described.

3. Ina governor for motors, the combination of a rotary disk or tablehaving a hub provided with a pinion, a rack-bar geared with said pinionand adapted to connect with mechanism for controlling a valve gear orcut-off, differential friction gears adapted to actuate said disk inopposite directions, a rotary shaft coincident with the axis of saidrotary disk and about which the friction gears revolve,said shafthavingahub turningtherewith and provided with arms on which the frictiongears are mounted and radially movable, the miter gearing for revolvingthe said `friction gears on their own axes, a planetary train foractuating the miter gearing, and positive compensating mechanismconnecting the said differential friction gears, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a governor for motors, the combination of a rotary disk or tablecarrying a pinion, a rack-bar to connect with mechanism for controllinga valve gear or cut-off and having teeth geared with said pinion andextended only so far that the full opening or closing of the cut-off maybe reached just as the last tooth of the rack, in either direction, isreleased from the pinion, means for holding the said last tooth of therack against the pinion in readiness for the reverse action, anddifferential gearing for actuating the disk or table in oppositedirections, substantially as described. 1

5. In a governor for motors, the combination of a rotary disk or tableprovided with a hub carrying a pinion, a rack-bar to connect withmechanism for controlling avalve gear or cutoff, the teeth of saidrack-bar being geared with the pinion and arranged in a series of suchlength that the full opening or closing of the cut-off will beaccomplished just as the last tooth of the rack, in either direction, isreleased from the pinion, a spring adapted to bear on the rack-bar andhold the last tooth of the rack against the pinion in readiness for thereverse action and mechanism for actuating the disk or table in oppositedirections, substantially as described.

6. In a governor for motors, the combination of a rotary ydisk or tablehaving a pinion geared with mechanism for controlling a valve gear orcut-off, differential friction gears having their peripheries providedwith inserted rings of friction material, said gears being adapted tobear on and actuate the disk or table in opposite directions, a rotaryshaft coincident with the axis of said disk or table and about which thefriction gears revolve, said shaft having a hub turning therewith andprovided with radial arms on which the friction gears are mounted andadapted to move longitudinally, gearing for revolving the friction gearson their own axes, and means for limiting the outward movement or radialadjustment of said friction gears and IOO IIC

drawing them toward the hub of the radial shaft on which they arecarried, substantially as described.

7. In a governor for motors, the combination of a rotary disk or tablegeared with mechanism for controlling a valve gear or cut-off, a rotaryshaft having a hub turning therewith and provided with oppositelyarranged radial arms, differential friction gears mounted on said armsand adapted to actuate the disk or table in opposite directions, meansfor revolving the friction gears on theirown axes, cylindricallongitudinally slotted caps mounted on the radial arms of the shaft huband in contact with the hubs of the friction gears, pins engaged intheslots of said caps to limit their longitudinal movement and preventthem from turning, and a positive compensating mechanism connecting saidcaps, substantially as described.

8. In a governor for motors, the combination of a vertical rotary shafthavingahub splined `thereon andprovided with oppositely arranged radialarms, a turn-table or disk having its axis coincident with the axis ofsaid shaft and geared with devices for controlling a valve gear orcut-off, differential friction gears carried on the radial arms of theshaft hub and adapted to actuate the turn-table in oppositedirections,and compensating mechanism connecting the said friction gears,substantially as described. l

9. In a governor for motors, the combination of avertical shaft gearedwith the main shaft of the engine or motor, a hub splined on saidvertical shaft and provided with oppositely arranged radial arms, aturn-table or disk having its axis coincident with the axis of thevertical shaft, a rack-bar geared with said disk or turn-table andadapted to connect withmechanism for controlling a valve-gear orcut-off, differential friction gears carried on the radial arms of theshaft hub and adapted to actuate the turn-table in opposite directions,means for revolving the friction gears on their own axes, and springsfor drawing said friction gears toward the Vertical shaft, substantiallyas described.

10. In a governor for motors, the combination of a vertical shaft drivenfrom the engine or motor, a hub splined on said shaft and provided withoppositely arranged radial arms, a turn-table or disk having its axiscoincident with the axis of the vertical shaft and geared with devicesfor controlling a valve gear or cut-0E, ball bearings on which said diskor turn-table is mounted, differential friction gears having a radialmovement on the arms of the shaft hub in bearing contact with theturn-table and adapted to actuate the same in opposite directions, andcompensating mechanism connecting said friction gears, substantially asdescribed.

1l. In a governor for motors, the combination of a vertical rotaryshaft, a turn-table having its axis coincident with said shaft, a hubsplined on the vertical rotary shaft and provided with radial arms,differential friction gears carried on said arms in bearing contact withthe turn-table and adapted to actuate the samein opposite directions,miter gears for revolving the said friction gears on `their own axes, aconnected spur gear and tion gears, substantially as described.

12. In a governor for motors, the combination of a turn-table gearedwith mechanism for controlling a valve gear or cut-off, differentialfriction gears bearing on the turn-table and adapted to actuate the samein opposite directions, a vertical rotary shaft having a hub splinedthereon and provided with tubular arms on which the said friction gearsare radially movable, the miter gearing for revolving said frictiongears on their own axes, a planetary' train for actuating the mitergearing, cylindrical caps mounted on the tubular arms of the shaft hubin contact with the hubs of the friction gears and radially movabletherewith, and a Weightpot splined on the rotary shaft below theturn-table and connected with said caps by means of suspension wirespassed through said tubular arms of the shaft hub, substantially asdescribed.

13. In a governor for motors, the combination of a turn-table,differential friction gears bearing on the turn-table and adaptedtoactuate the same in opposite directions, a vertical rotary shaft havingan internally recessed or chambered swell portion to which is splined ahub provided with tubular radially arranged arms on which said frictiongears are radially movable, means for revolving said friction gears ontheir own axes in equal time with their revolution about the verticalshaft, cylindrical caps mounted on the tubular arms of the shaft hub incontact with the hubs of the friction gears, and radially movabletherewith,a weight pot having an elongated hub splin ed on the rotaryvertical shaft below the turn-table and connected with said caps bymeans of suspension wires passed through the shaft hub and its tubulararms, sheaves mounted in the swelled portion of said shaft to serve asguides forsaid suspension wires, and springs inclosed in the tubular hubarms and connected therewith and with the cylindrical caps,substantially as for controlling a valve gear or cut-off,-a `hub splinedon said vertical shaft to slide thereon and provided with oppositelyarranged radial ICO IIO

arms, differential friction gears carried on i saidarms in bearingcontact with the table or disk and adapted to actuate the same inopposite directions. and gearing supported on or by the splined hub ofthe vertical rotary shaft and adapted to revolve the friction gears ontheir axes, whereby the weight of said hub and superincumbent parts willincrease the frictional action of the differential gears on theturn-table, substantially as described.

15. In a governor for motors, the combination of a vertical rotary shafthaving an internally recessed or chanibered portion to which is splineda hub provided with tubular radially arranged arms, the said hub beingadapted to slide vertically on the said shaft and to rotate therewith, aturn-table or disk mounted independent of the shaft below said hub andgeared with devices for controlling a valve gear or cut off,differential friction gears carried on said arms in bearing contact withthe table or disk and adapted to actuate the same, in oppositedirections, cylindrical caps mounted on the tubular arms of the shafthub in contact with the hubs of the friction gears and radially movabletherewith, gearing for revolving the friction gears on their own axes, aWeight pot splined on' the rotary vertical shaft below the turn-tableand connected with said caps by means of susl pension Wires passedthrough the shaft hub and its radial arms and sheaves mounted in thechambered portion of the shaft to serve as guides for said suspensionwires, the Weight of the splined hub and su perincumbent gearing beingutilized, eitberwith or without the weight of the Weight pot, to controlthe bearing of the friction gears on the turn-table, substantially asdescribed.

16. In a governor for motors, the combination of a turn-table or diskhaving a hub provided with a pinion, a rack bar geared with said pinionand adapted to connect with mechanism for controlling a valve gear orcut-off, diiferential friction gears adapted to actuate said turn-tablein opposite directions, a rotary vertical shaft coincident with the axisof the turn-table and about which the friction gears revolve, said shafthaving a hub splined thereon and provided with arms on which thedifferential friction gears are mounted and radially movable, mitergearing for revolving said friction gears on their own axes, and aplanetary train for actuating the miter gearing,the weight of saidsplined hub and superincumbent gearing being arranged to increase thefrictional action of the dii'erential gears on the turn-table,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and aflixed -my seal inpresence' of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSIAH DOW. [Ls] Witnesses:

JABEZ GATES, CHARLES H. Wniss.

